Performing arts are ephemeral by nature. One rehearses and prepares oneself, the theater company builds up the show, acts and gets away… and when everything is over, one feels very bluesy.
En ajoutant a cette dynamique traditionnelle l’épreuve d’un spectacle au bord de l’annulation (au lendemain des attentats de Paris), un public forcément clairsemé et une facture bien salée, cela laisse une impression étrange – surtout quand le metteur en scène est venu spécialement de Russie pour l’occasion !
Anyway : if Life is playing one of its old tricks with us, let's be playful !
What do we have at reach ?
- A senior actor, with lots of capabilities and the desire to act again. He's a real fan of Dostoyevsky's and even shares his beard shape !
- Another actor, who's just out of a Dostoyevskian theater show
- Costumes and decorations, in the nineteenth century style
- Quelques jours et de l’énergie à revendre
- A photo camera
- A theme and an idea
The theme consisted in interrogating the way Literature is built. How does the author work ? How does he (or she) use the personnel experience ? How can the author transform what he/she sees around him/her ?
According to Dostoyevsky's own journal, he found his idea for the story "The Gentle Woman" (which we adapted to the stage) by reading in the newspapers the news of a young girl, jumping out of a window, holding firmly an icon while passing through….
You know, in the XIXth century, that was no small thing : suicide was then called self murder and was condemned by the church. The fact that this young woman jumps out the window holding this icon is therefore quite striking, as it expresses the paradoxical importance of faith for this person.
Voici de quoi alimenter la réflexion et stimuler l’imagination d’un écrivain porté sur la psychologie : qu’est-ce qui pourrait pousser une telle personne à un tel acte ? Quelles sont les circonstances qui pourraient le justifier ?
Nous savons également que Dostoïevski a perdu sa première épouse ; il connaît donc les états d’âmes, qui surviennent la nuit d’après. (Il s’agit d’ailleurs précisément de la situation du personnage principal de “Krotkaia” – toute l’action se déroulant sur cette première « nuit d’après »).
Enfin, nous savons que de nombreux autres thèmes du récit ont des liens étroits avec la vie de l’auteur : Dostoïevski a connu la gêne, avec les allers-retours réguliers au moins de Piété, pour y laisser des objets en gage ; son incompatibilité de caractère avec l’armée le conduisit lui-aussi à la quitter ; il connut le contraste entre les bonnes manières nobiliaires et la vie dans les bas fonds (notamment en camp de prisonnier en Sibérie, au côté du peuple)…
Nous avons donc imaginé un scénario : comment l’auteur perçoit-il le monde qui l’entoure et dans quelle mesure puise-t-il dans son expérience personnelle, pour transformer tout cela en littérature ?
Quite obviously, this would need at least 20 to 25 minutes to develop to a good level - but who would promote such a project ?
Je n’avais moi-même aucune expérience de jeu cinématographique et Amvrosyi Svetlogorskyi s’en était coupé depuis le début des années 2000.
We somewhat needed a "pilot" short movie, to try out our idea. Did it have any potential ? Could one believe in it ? What would be its artistic and emotional capacities ?
Nous savions bien qu’en quelques minutes, nous ne pourrions pas aller très loin, mais nous pensions qu’il serait tout de même possible d’évoquer les choses et de créer une atmosphère.
Alors, à Dieu va : nous écrivons quelques scènes sans paroles (certes nourries par des réflexions de longue date), notamment celles où Dostoïevski écrit et c’est parti !
Core principles :
J’avais suivi une petite formation sur la question du montage et de la colorimétrie, au cours de laquelle le formateur affirmait que toutes les caméras (y compris les appareils photos) se valaient globalement et qu’on pouvait faire beaucoup avec peu (surtout avec de bonnes conditions d’éclairage de la scène). Dans le même esprit, Werner Herzog dans sa masterclass affirmait : il ne faut pas attendre que toutes les conditions soient réunies, sinon on ne fait pas et on apprend jamais rien !
It is precisely in this perspective that we worked on this project : we were full of enthusiasm , we had two actors (one of them benefiting from experience in the cinema), with an interesting theme… As for the rest of the equation, let's just begin and improvise !
Gear we had at hand :
- A basic photo camera (Panasonic GF7), with no manual control in video mode and capable of shooting "only" in HQ (no 4K)
- Two lenses : a 12-45 and a 90-150
- One large diaphragm microphone (designed for recording singers in home studios), with one home studio analog to digital converter, linked to a computer… That wasn't precisely easy to move the whole thing around…
- Un éclairage d’ambiance et une lampe halogène pour les accents, de manière à compléter les bougies, qui figureront dans le cadre.
In a word : all of this was quite ill-adapted, but - once again - we wanted to do with what we had…
In some ways, the cinema is like live theatre : one has to cope with problems all the time. I believe that, even in Hollywood productions, well produced and prepared, there are quite a few handymen that have to fix everything which goes awry (let's remind the Babylon movie, just for fun)
Globally, it was interesting and quite amusing to gather experience about the laws for the movies :
- Image composition -> when one doesn't know, lets try the rule of thirds
- Importance du decorum… dans le cadre et juste dans le cadre. Ce qui est en dehors, on s’en fout. Ou comment créer l’impression d’un espace, alors qu’on a juste un coin d’un appartement
- Lighting : we already had experience from the scenic theater, but we could add an interesting touch, with the candles and some contrast between the highlights and shadows
- Sound : we did some recording on the spot, but also some voice over and even post synchronizing
- Color grading
- Music
Set design :
Let's talk about decorations : what to do when you live in a flat from the 60s ? Luckily, at that time, they installed wooden floors. We also had some props from the theater show. That is why we chose to shoot in close-ups, and most of the time from overhead (bird's eye)
We shot this way : the metallic bowl, the pair of ankle boots, but also a close up on a door frame, the old table (that we had ordered specifically for the theater show) and other typical items.
On the contrary, the final shot on Dostoyevsky, bottom viewed and with a lot of depth of field, gave us headaches !
The Red and the Black :
The color was a hell of an issue !
En effet, nous avions décidé de travailler avec une atmosphère aussi proche que possible de la réalité, avec des bougies et des lumières complémentaires. Sauf que les bougies et les halogènes , c’est très jaune ! Ça, c’était l’idée, sauf que dans la réalité d’une technologie et dans ces conditions de lumière, les caméras ont tendance à tirer sur le rouge.
When I figured it out, in post, that was a fucking nightmare ! I really had to get back to more classic tones, but I didn't have any white balance nor reference… That was quite a lesson ! I had to judge subjectively - but you know, one can handle quite a lot this way ! The other thing is that, when you shoot in the yellow to reds, you loose all the blue and even green information - and that is just impossible to recover in post. But happily, we didn't have too much of this in the movie (apart from Amvrosyi's eyes and the ankle boots)
Finally, I'm not too dissatisfied with the overall grading :

Before

After
Sound of silence :
Yes, sound is important !
Toujours selon Werner Herzog, mais aussi la plupart des vidéastes youtubeurs (c’est dire !), il fait la moitié du boulot.
In my point of view, this has both positive and negative implications.
On the positive side, its a lot up to the sound to create an atmosphere. Without any sound, the image would appear artificial. An easy experience is to mute the sound in any movie : it appears very strange and factitious instantly.
Mais pire encore, pour le négatif, donc : si le son est mauvais, il est tout simplement impossible de regarder un film jusqu’au bout (et cela vaut même pour une durée de 3 minutes). Imaginez un souffle significatif, un grésillement, ou pire encore : une saturation lorsque les personnages parlent ! C’est en cela que le son joue a 50%. Pour finir, Werner Herzog évoque ses premiers projets, réalisés en groupe d’apprentis réalisateurs passionnés : sur 10 projets, 8 n’ont pas été aboutis et ce, a cause de problèmes de son !
The video below (an advertisement for TASCAM) is quite funny and express those issues quite clearly (the first and last 30 seconds are worth it) :
En l’occurrence, notre matos n’était certes pas vraiment adapté a la prise de son cinéma, mais il ne grésillait pas non plus. Comme nous filmions en conditions stationnaires (un peu comme dans un studio), il était possible d’utiliser un matos difficile à trimballer. Une fois encore : vive la débrouille !
On the contrary, we had real problems with the scene at the door. I had been able to act in Russian for the scene with the bowl, but I couldn't get that other one, at the door, up to our satisfaction. So we decided instead to shoot it in French, and then turn it to Russian through post synchronization.
What a nightmare again !
On raconte que Stanley Kubrick a rencontré d’énormes problèmes, lors de la production de son premier long métrage : “Fear and desire”. Il s’est résolu à tout doubler en post production.
Funeste décision : compte tenu des attentes du public occidental, vis-à-vis de la synchronisation des paroles au mouvement des lèvres, l’expérience s’est révélée ahurissante de difficulté en post-production… A ce qu’on raconte, donc, il aurait bien failli abandonner en route.
Les soviétiques avaient une autre convention du son : ce qui surprend dans les films de l’époque soviétique, c’est le silence : il n’y a pas de bruit de fond ! Tout était doublé en studio, post tournage. C’est ainsi qu’il était possible de faire tourner, par exemple dans le fameux film “l’ironie du destin”, une actrice ne parlant pas (ou pas assez bien) le russe, pour la doubler ensuite par une russophone – et ça passe crème ! (du reste, les acteurs soviétiques disposaient d’une technique de jeu beaucoup plus solide que les acteurs occidentaux).
On raconte de même que, dans la tradition du cinéma italien des années 60-70, on doublait tout en post production. Et c’était apparemment la cacophonie sur le plateau – pas évident pour se concentrer, pour les acteurs américains, qui venaient faire un tour par la cinècitta. En outre, cela permettait aux réalisateurs de brailler leurs indications aux comédiens durant les prises…
Personnellement, j’aime bien cette technique (en tant que comédien ou en direction d’acteur), car elle permet d’adapter le jeu en temps réel – mais certains détestent ça.
Anecdotes d’interprétation :
La séquence la plus efficace de ce petit film repose sur un malentendu, ou plutôt sur une expérience : l’effet Kouleshov !
Il s’agit d’une séquence en écho ; dans notre film :
- Dostoyevsky opens a little box, which was over its writing table, and takes out of it a little piece of jewelry - which could have been one of the female character's
- Cut to the vision of the imaginary man, who observes the piece of jewelry as well
- Back to Dostoyevsky
We actually got a few congratulations, about this very simple scene.
En réalité, il s’agit d’un effet cinématographique assez connu et expérimenté dans le cinéma soviétique dès les années 20 (d’où le nom de son inventeur : Lief Kouleshoff).
Il fonctionne grâce à l’imagination du spectateur et aux transferts émotionnels. Porté par l’atmosphère créée plus tôt dans le film, le spectateur remplit de sentiments tout ce qu’il voit – même s’il s’agit en réalité de plans neutres.
Alfred Hitchcock explains it very vividly :
That was a real acting lesson for me : not to play anything ! Just looking at the jewel, while the camera does the job (with a slow follow focus from the eye of the man to the jewel itself).
Good training !
J’ai réitéré l’expérience dans mon film suivant : ” A Kurt To Be”, dans lequel je m’étais efforcé de ne rien jouer tout au long du film – sauf dans le plan final. Cela m’a d’ailleurs appris que cela ne fonctionne pas a tous les coups, ni sur la durée, et qu’un minimum de charge émotionnelle apporte un plus indéniable, au moins pour quelques scène clés.
Anecdotes sur l’après de ce projet :
Mon partenaire de jeu, Amvrosyi, s’est pris au jeu à double titre :
- Tout d’abord, enthousiasmé par ce thème, il a attaqué l’écriture d’une biographie romancée de Dostoïevski, par le prisme de ses œuvres. Il s’agit ainsi d’évoquer les relations entre les romans et la vie personnelle de l’auteur. Il a déjà écrit 2 livres sur le sujet et attaque le 3ème.
- Ensuite, porté par ces questions, il a pu rencontrer un réalisateur moscovite, lui-aussi fanatique de Dostoïevski et de son œuvre. Ils ont ainsi développé ensemble une série de moyens formats télévisuels, avec deux saisons et une quinzaine d’épisodes environ, dans lesquels Amvrosyi reprend le rôle de Dostoïevski. L’idée est d’aborder un thème abordé dans le journal d’un écrivain, gazette de l’auteur, et de le confronter à l’actualité russe. Un format tout à fait intéressant : https://otr-online.ru/kino/dnevnik-dostoevskogo-3742/
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